Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of four harbours in Guam.

Although polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were only commercially manufactured for about 50 years, their unusual versatility for certain purposes coupled with widespread use and improper disposal have resulted in global contamination (Hutzinger et al., 1974; Atlas et al., 1986). PCBs can enter the marine environment from leakages, urban runoff, dumped sewage sludge and industrial discharges (Connell and Miller, 1984). Once in the aquatic environment, PCBs, by virtue of their low water solubility, quickly become associated with particulate matter and ultimately end up in bottom sediments. PCBs, as hydrophobic compounds, are readily accumulated in the fatty tissues of Ballschmiter, K., Rappe, C., Buser, H.R., 1989. Chemical properties, analytical methods and environmental levels of PCBs, PCTs, PCNs and PBBs. In: Kimbrough, R.D., Jensen, A.A. (Eds.), Halogenated Biphenyls, Terphenyls, Naphthalenes, Dibenzodioxins and Related Compounds, second ed., Topics in Environmental Health, vol. 4 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division), Amsterdam, pp. 47–69. Denton, G.R.W., Bearden, B.G., Concepcion, L., Siegrist, H.G., Vann, D.T., Wood, H.R., 2001. Contaminant assessment of surface sediments from Tanapag Lagoon, Saipan. Technical Report No. 93, Water and Environmental Research Institute of the Western Pacific, University of Guam, Mangilao, p. 110. Denton, G.R.W., Concepcion, L.P., Wood, H.R., Morrison, R.J., 2005. Trace metals in sediments in four harbours in Guam. Marine Pollution Bulletin 50, 1133–1141. Denton, G.R.W., Concepcion, L.P., Wood, H.R., Morrison, R.J., in press-a. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of four harbours in Guam. Marine Pollution Bulletin, doi:10.1016/ j.marpolbul.2006.03.002. Denton, G.R.W., Concepcion, L.P., Wood, H.R., Morrison, R.J., in press-b. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in small island coastal environments: A case study from harbours in Guam, Micronesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin. DEQ, 1987. Puerto Rico dump sampling program conducted in 1986 by US EPA Region IX Office and Division of Environmental Quality, Saipan. Unpublished data courtesy DEQ, Saipan. De Voogt, P., Wells, D.E., Reutergårdh, L., Brinkman, U.A.Th., 1990. Biological activity, determination and occurrence of planar, monoand di-ortho PCBs. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry 40, 1–46. Doty, J.E., Marsh Jr., J.A., 1977. Marine survey of Tanapag, Saipan: the power barge ‘‘impedance’’. University of Guam Marine Laboratory. Technical Report No. 33, Mangilao, Guam, p. 147. Förstner, U., 1990. Inorganic sediment chemistry and elemental speciation. In: Baudo, R., Giesy, J., Muntau, H. (Eds.), Sediments: Chemistry and Toxicity of In-Place Pollutants. Lewis Publishers, Inc., Boca Racon, pp. 61–105. Fowler, S.W., Readman, J.W., Oregioni, B., Villeneuve, J.P., McKay, K., 1993. Petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals in nearshore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 War: an assessment of temporal and spatial trends. Marine Pollution Bulletin 27, 171– 182. Ingersoll, C.G., 1995. Sediment tests. In: Rand, G.M. (Ed.), Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology, second ed., Effects Environmental Fate, and Risk Assessment Taylor & Francis, New York, pp. 231– 255. MacDonald, D.D., Carr, R.S., Calder, F.D., Long, E.R., Ingersoll, C.G., 1996. Development and evaluation of sediment quality guidelines for Florida coastal waters. Ecotoxicology 5, 253–278. McFarland, V.A., Clarke, J.U., 1989. Environmental occurrence, abundance, and potential toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners: considerations for a congener-specific analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 81, 225–239. Neff, J.M., 1979. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment – Sources Fates and Biological Effects. Applied Science Publishers, London. NOAA, 1993. National status and trends program for marine environmental quality. Sampling and Analytical Methods of the National Status and Trends Program, National Benthic Surveillance and Mussel Watch Projects 1984–1992. Vol. I: Overview and Summary of Methods. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum NOS ORCA 71. July 1993, p. 117. Ogden Environmental and Energy Services Co. Inc., 1994. Technical Report (Draft) Puerto Rico Dump Saipan – Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas. Comprehensive Long-Term Environmental Action Navy (CLEAN) Contract No. N627-90-D-0019. Unitek, 1993. Unitek Environmental Consultants, Inc., Sediment Sampling and Analysis at Tanapag Harbor, Saipan. UEC Project No. 7625, p. 33. Available from Unitek Environmental Guam, P.O. Box 24607, Barrigada, Guam 96921, USA. USEPA, 1996. SW-846 Test methods for evaluating solid waste physical/ chemical methods. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, CD-ROM.